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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics
EN 1.2312 is a low-alloy steel with a tempered martensitic microstructure in the pre-hardened condition. The steel contains chromium, nickel, and aluminum additions that provide enhanced hardenability, improved toughness, and excellent through-hardening properties. The aluminum content contributes to fine grain structure and improved machinability.
Heat Treatment Process
MetalZenith employs controlled atmosphere furnaces for heat treatment. The standard process involves austenitizing at 850-870°C, followed by oil quenching and tempering at 550-650°C to achieve the desired hardness range of 32-38 HRC. Our computer-controlled systems ensure uniform heating and cooling rates for consistent metallurgical properties.
Manufacturing Process
Production begins with electric arc furnace melting followed by ladle refining and vacuum degassing. The steel is cast into ingots or continuously cast billets, then hot forged or rolled to the required dimensions. Critical process parameters including temperature control, deformation rates, and cooling conditions are monitored to ensure optimal grain structure and mechanical properties.
Quality Standards & Testing
All EN 1.2312 products undergo comprehensive testing including chemical analysis by optical emission spectroscopy, mechanical testing per ASTM E8/E8M, hardness verification using Rockwell and Brinell methods, and ultrasonic inspection for internal soundness. Microstructural evaluation and cleanliness assessment ensure compliance with international standards and customer specifications.
Machining & Processing Guidelines
The pre-hardened condition provides excellent machinability with carbide tooling. Recommended cutting speeds range from 80-120 m/min for turning operations. The steel exhibits good dimensional stability during machining and requires minimal stress relief. Surface treatments including nitriding, PVD coating, and polishing can be applied to enhance performance characteristics.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.35 - 0.45 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.40 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.30 - 1.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.025 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.010 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 1.80 - 2.20 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.80 - 1.20 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.15 - 0.25 |
| Aluminum (Al) | 0.80 - 1.20 |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.25 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 1000 - 1200 MPa |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 800 MPa |
| Elongation (A5) | ≥ 12% |
| Reduction of Area (Z) | ≥ 45% |
| Hardness (HB) | 300 - 370 HB |
| Hardness (HRC) | 32 - 38 HRC |
| Impact Energy (KV) | ≥ 25 J |
| Young's Modulus (E) | 210 GPa |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.27 - 0.30 |
| Fatigue Limit | 450 - 550 MPa |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1420 - 1460°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (20°C) | 42 W/m·K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-100°C) | 11.5×10-6/K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-200°C) | 12.2×10-6/K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-400°C) | 13.1×10-6/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.25 µΩ·m |
| Magnetic Permeability | Ferromagnetic |
| Thermal Diffusivity | 11.6 mm²/s |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Available Options |
|---|---|
| Product Forms | Round bars, flat bars, plates, blocks, forged pieces |
| Round Bar Diameter | 10 - 500 mm |
| Flat Bar Thickness | 10 - 200 mm |
| Plate Thickness | 20 - 300 mm |
| Maximum Length | 6000 mm |
| Surface Finish | Black, turned, peeled, ground, polished |
| Dimensional Tolerance | h9 to h11 (standard), h6 to h8 (precision) |
| Standards Compliance | EN 10083, DIN 17200, ASTM A681 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Pre-hardened (32-38 HRC), annealed, normalized |
| Quality Grades | Standard, premium, ultra-clean (ESR) |
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Our Advantages in Processing EN 1.2312
Advanced Vacuum Melting Technology
MetalZenith utilizes state-of-the-art vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting processes to produce EN 1.2312 with exceptional purity and homogeneity. Our controlled atmosphere melting eliminates inclusions and ensures consistent chemical composition throughout the material, resulting in superior mechanical properties and enhanced tool life.
Precision Heat Treatment & Quality Control
Our automated heat treatment facilities feature computer-controlled furnaces with precise temperature monitoring and uniform heating zones. Combined with comprehensive testing protocols including ultrasonic inspection, hardness mapping, and microstructural analysis, we guarantee consistent quality and performance in every delivery.
Flexible Customization & Global Supply
MetalZenith offers extensive customization options including specific dimensions, surface finishes, and heat treatment conditions tailored to customer requirements. Our global distribution network and strategic inventory management ensure rapid delivery worldwide, supported by technical expertise and comprehensive after-sales service.
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