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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics
D2 tool steel exhibits a martensitic microstructure with uniformly distributed chromium carbides (M7C3 and M23C6) providing exceptional wear resistance. The high carbon content (1.4-1.6%) combined with 11-13% chromium creates a semi-stainless composition that offers good corrosion resistance while maintaining superior hardness and cutting performance.
Heat Treatment Process
MetalZenith employs controlled atmosphere hardening at 1010-1025°C followed by air cooling to achieve optimal hardness. Tempering is performed at 150-540°C depending on required hardness levels. Our cryogenic treatment at -80°C reduces retained austenite content to below 2%, ensuring dimensional stability and maximum hardness.
Advanced Manufacturing Process
MetalZenith utilizes vacuum induction melting followed by electroslag remelting to ensure chemical homogeneity and eliminate inclusions. Controlled forging with precise temperature monitoring optimizes carbide distribution and grain structure. Our proprietary stress-relief annealing process minimizes residual stresses while maintaining machinability.
Specialized Quality Testing
Comprehensive testing includes Rockwell hardness mapping across cross-sections, X-ray diffraction analysis for retained austenite content (typically <2%), metallographic evaluation of carbide distribution and size, and rotating beam fatigue testing at 10? cycles. Ultrasonic inspection ensures internal soundness critical for precision tooling applications.
Application-Specific Considerations
For cutting tools, D2 provides excellent edge retention and wear resistance in blanking and forming operations. In mold manufacturing, its dimensional stability and polishability make it ideal for plastic injection molds. For bearing applications, the combination of hardness and moderate toughness ensures long service life. In precision machinery, D2's stability and machinability enable tight tolerances. For automotive components, its wear resistance and strength support high-volume production requirements.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 1.40 - 1.60 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.00 - 13.00 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.70 - 1.20 |
| Vanadium (V) | ≤ 1.10 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.60 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (HRC) | 54 - 62 |
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | 2800 - 3200 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | 15 - 25 |
| Wear Resistance Index | 8.5 - 9.2 |
| Hardenability (mm) | 75 - 100 |
| Fatigue Strength (MPa) | 800 - 1000 |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm3) | 7.70 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1420 - 1460 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 20.0 |
| Thermal Expansion (×10??/K) | 10.4 |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 210 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 - 0.30 |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Available Forms | Bars, Plates, Blocks, Precision Ground Flats |
| Diameter Range | 10 - 350mm |
| Thickness Range | 5 - 200mm |
| Length Range | 500 - 6000mm |
| Standards Compliance | ASTM A681, AISI D2, DIN 1.2379 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Annealed, Hardened & Tempered |
| Surface Finish | Hot Rolled, Cold Drawn, Precision Ground |
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Our Advantages in Processing D2 Tool Steel
Advanced Vacuum Melting Technology
MetalZenith utilizes vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting processes with precise temperature control to achieve optimal carbide distribution and eliminate inclusions. Our advanced metallurgical processing ensures consistent hardness and superior wear resistance throughout the material cross-section.
Comprehensive Tool Steel Testing
MetalZenith conducts specialized testing including Rockwell hardness mapping across sections, retained austenite content analysis via X-ray diffraction, carbide distribution evaluation through metallographic analysis, and rotating beam fatigue testing to ensure optimal tool performance and longevity.
Custom Heat Treatment Services
MetalZenith offers specialized heat treatment services including controlled atmosphere hardening, precision tempering, and cryogenic treatment. Our metallurgical engineers provide technical support for optimal hardness selection and tool geometry recommendations for specific cutting and forming applications.
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