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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics
AISI D3 is a high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel with a ledeburitic microstructure containing primary and eutectic carbides. The steel exhibits excellent wear resistance due to the presence of hard chromium carbides (Cr7C3 and Cr23C6) distributed throughout a martensitic matrix. MetalZenith's controlled solidification process ensures uniform carbide distribution and minimizes carbide segregation.
Heat Treatment Process
Annealing: Heat to 870-900°C, hold for 2-4 hours, cool slowly to 650°C at 10-20°C/hour, then air cool. Hardening: Preheat to 650-700°C, then heat to 1000-1020°C, air cool or oil quench for thin sections. Tempering: 150-540°C depending on required hardness, typically 2-3 cycles for stress relief and dimensional stability.
Manufacturing Process
MetalZenith produces AISI D3 using electric arc furnace melting followed by ladle refining and vacuum degassing. The steel is cast into ingots or continuously cast billets, then hot forged or rolled to required dimensions. Our controlled cooling process prevents excessive carbide precipitation and ensures optimal microstructure. All products undergo stress relieving and precision machining as required.
Quality Standards
MetalZenith maintains strict quality control throughout production, adhering to ASTM A681 specifications and ISO 9001:2015 standards. Each batch undergoes chemical analysis using optical emission spectroscopy, hardness testing, microstructural examination, and ultrasonic testing for internal soundness. Material certificates include complete traceability from raw materials to finished products, ensuring consistent quality and performance.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 2.00 - 2.35 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.00 - 13.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.15 - 0.45 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 - 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.30 |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.25 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (As Hardened) | 58-62 HRC |
| Hardness (Annealed) | ≤ 255 HB |
| Tensile Strength (Annealed) | 965 MPa |
| Yield Strength (Annealed) | 620 MPa |
| Elongation (Annealed) | 8% |
| Reduction of Area (Annealed) | 15% |
| Impact Energy (Annealed) | 20 J |
| Compressive Strength | 2800 MPa |
| Young's Modulus | 210 GPa |
| Fatigue Limit | 450 MPa |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.70 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1420-1460°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (20°C) | 20 W/m·K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-100°C) | 10.5×10-6/K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-200°C) | 11.2×10-6/K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20-400°C) | 12.1×10-6/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K |
| Electrical Resistivity (20°C) | 0.55 µΩ·m |
| Magnetic Permeability | Ferromagnetic |
| Curie Temperature | 760°C |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Available Options |
|---|---|
| Product Forms | Round bars, flat bars, plates, blocks, forged pieces |
| Round Bar Diameter | 10-500 mm |
| Flat Bar Dimensions | 10-200 mm thickness, up to 500 mm width |
| Plate Thickness | 20-300 mm |
| Standard Length | 3000-6000 mm (custom lengths available) |
| Surface Finish | Hot rolled, annealed, ground, machined |
| Dimensional Tolerance | ±0.1 mm to ±0.5 mm (depending on size) |
| Standards Compliance | ASTM A681, DIN 1.2080, JIS SKD1 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Annealed, hardened and tempered |
| Quality Grades | Standard, premium, aerospace grade |
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Our Advantages in Processing AISI D3
Advanced Vacuum Melting Technology
MetalZenith employs state-of-the-art vacuum induction melting (VIM) and electroslag remelting (ESR) processes to produce ultra-clean AISI D3 steel with minimal inclusions and superior carbide distribution, ensuring consistent performance and extended tool life.
Precision Heat Treatment Control
Our computer-controlled heat treatment facilities with protective atmosphere furnaces ensure precise temperature control and uniform hardness distribution. Advanced quenching and tempering processes optimize the balance between hardness and toughness for specific applications.
Comprehensive Customization Services
MetalZenith offers extensive customization including precision machining, surface treatments, and specialized heat treatment cycles. Our technical team provides application-specific recommendations and can modify chemical composition within AISI D3 specifications to meet unique customer requirements.
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