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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics
T1 tool steel exhibits a martensitic microstructure after hardening with fine, uniformly distributed carbides that provide exceptional wear resistance. The high carbon content enables maximum hardness potential, while controlled tungsten and vanadium additions enhance carbide stability and grain refinement. MetalZenith's precision melting process ensures minimal segregation and optimal carbide distribution.
Heat Treatment Process
MetalZenith employs controlled atmosphere hardening at 760-790°C followed by water quenching to achieve optimal martensitic transformation. Tempering at 150-200°C provides the ideal balance of hardness and toughness. Our cryogenic treatment option further reduces retained austenite content below 2% for maximum dimensional stability.
Advanced Manufacturing Process
Our T1 production utilizes vacuum induction melting followed by electroslag remelting to achieve exceptional cleanliness and homogeneity. Controlled forging with precise temperature monitoring ensures optimal grain flow and carbide distribution. Advanced annealing cycles provide uniform hardness and excellent machinability in the annealed condition.
Specialized Quality Testing
MetalZenith conducts comprehensive Rockwell hardness distribution mapping across tool cross-sections, X-ray diffraction analysis for retained austenite quantification (typically <3%), detailed metallographic evaluation of carbide size and distribution, and rotating beam fatigue testing to validate performance under cyclic loading conditions typical in tooling applications.
Application-Specific Considerations
For cutting tool applications, T1 provides excellent edge retention and wear resistance. In die and mold manufacturing, the steel offers superior dimensional stability and surface finish capability. For bearing applications, the fine carbide structure ensures excellent rolling contact fatigue resistance. In precision machinery, T1 delivers exceptional dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Automotive components benefit from the steel's high strength and wear resistance under demanding operating conditions.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.60 - 0.75 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.10 - 0.40 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 - 0.40 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.10 - 0.30 |
| Tungsten (W) | 0.50 - 1.00 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.10 - 0.30 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (HRC) | 60 - 65 |
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | ≥ 2800 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | 15 - 25 |
| Wear Resistance Index | 8.5 - 9.2 |
| Hardenability (mm) | 25 - 40 |
| Fatigue Strength (MPa) | ≥ 450 |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm3) | 7.84 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1460 - 1500 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 42.7 |
| Thermal Expansion (×10??/K) | 11.9 |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 210 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 - 0.30 |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Available Forms | Rounds, Flats, Squares, Tool Blanks, Precision Ground |
| Diameter Range | 3 - 300mm |
| Thickness Range | 1 - 150mm |
| Length Range | 100 - 6000mm |
| Standards Compliance | ASTM A681, DIN 1.1545, JIS SKS3 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Annealed, Hardened & Tempered, Stress Relieved |
| Surface Finish | Hot Rolled, Cold Drawn, Precision Ground |
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Our Advantages in Processing T1 Tool Steel
Precision Vacuum Melting Technology
MetalZenith utilizes advanced vacuum induction melting followed by electroslag remelting to achieve exceptional chemical homogeneity and minimize inclusions. Our controlled forging process with precise temperature monitoring ensures optimal grain structure and carbide distribution throughout the material cross-section.
Comprehensive Tool Steel Testing
Our specialized testing protocols include Rockwell hardness distribution mapping, retained austenite content analysis using X-ray diffraction, carbide size and distribution evaluation through metallographic analysis, and rotating beam fatigue testing to ensure consistent performance in demanding tooling applications.
Custom Heat Treatment Solutions
MetalZenith offers tailored heat treatment services including controlled atmosphere hardening, precision tempering, and cryogenic treatment. Our metallurgical engineers provide technical support for optimizing hardness profiles and dimensional stability based on specific tooling requirements.
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