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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics
P20 tool steel exhibits a tempered martensitic microstructure with uniformly distributed fine carbides. The chromium-molybdenum alloying system provides excellent hardenability and through-hardening capability up to large sections. The controlled carbide morphology ensures superior machinability while maintaining adequate wear resistance for tooling applications.
Heat Treatment Process
MetalZenith employs controlled austenitizing at 845-870°C followed by oil quenching and double tempering at 540-595°C to achieve the optimal pre-hardened condition. Our computer-controlled furnaces ensure uniform temperature distribution and precise cooling rates for consistent hardness and microstructural homogeneity throughout large cross-sections.
Advanced Manufacturing Process
Our manufacturing process begins with vacuum induction melting using premium raw materials, followed by vacuum arc remelting for enhanced cleanliness. Controlled forging and rolling operations optimize grain flow and eliminate internal defects. The final heat treatment utilizes advanced atmosphere control and precise temperature monitoring to achieve target properties.
Specialized Quality Testing
MetalZenith conducts comprehensive Rockwell hardness mapping using automated testing systems to verify uniform hardness distribution. Quantitative metallographic analysis determines carbide size, distribution, and volume fraction. Residual stress measurement using X-ray diffraction ensures dimensional stability during machining. Rotating beam fatigue testing validates long-term performance under cyclic loading conditions.
Application-Specific Technical Considerations
For plastic injection molding applications, P20's excellent polishability enables mirror-finish surfaces critical for optical components. In die-casting applications, the balanced thermal conductivity provides optimal heat dissipation while maintaining dimensional stability. For precision machining fixtures, the pre-hardened condition eliminates heat treatment distortion, ensuring tight tolerances. In automotive component manufacturing, the material's fatigue resistance supports high-cycle production requirements.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.28 - 0.40 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 1.40 - 2.00 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.15 - 0.40 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60 - 1.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.80 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30 - 1.00 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (HRC) | 28 - 32 |
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | ≥ 1200 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | ≥ 40 |
| Wear Resistance Index | Good (Grade 6) |
| Hardenability (DI) | ≥ 150mm |
| Fatigue Strength (MPa) | ≥ 450 |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm3) | 7.85 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1420 - 1460 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 28.5 |
| Thermal Expansion (×10??/K) | 11.9 |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 210 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 - 0.30 |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Available Forms | Plates, Blocks, Bars, Forgings, Custom Shapes |
| Thickness Range | 10 - 300mm |
| Width Range | 100 - 2000mm |
| Length Range | 500 - 6000mm |
| Standards Compliance | ASTM A681, DIN 1.2311, JIS SKD61 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Pre-hardened and Tempered |
| Surface Finish | Machined, Ground, or Polished |
| Dimensional Tolerance | ±0.1mm to ±0.5mm |
Let Us Create Success for Your Project
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Our Advantages in Processing P20 Tool Steel
Precision Vacuum Melting Technology
MetalZenith utilizes advanced vacuum induction melting (VIM) followed by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) to achieve exceptional steel cleanliness and homogeneity. Our controlled solidification process eliminates macro-segregation and ensures uniform carbide distribution throughout the material cross-section.
Comprehensive Quality Testing Protocol
Our specialized testing includes Rockwell hardness mapping across the entire cross-section, carbide distribution analysis using quantitative metallography, residual stress measurement, and fatigue strength evaluation. Advanced ultrasonic inspection ensures internal soundness critical for precision tooling applications.
Custom Machining and Technical Support
MetalZenith provides comprehensive custom machining services including precision milling, EDM preparation, and surface finishing. Our technical team offers expert consultation on tool design optimization, heat treatment recommendations, and application-specific material selection to maximize tool performance and service life.
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