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Technical Specifications
Product Overview
Metallurgical Characteristics for Low Temperature Service
Low Alloy Steel - Low Temperature Grade features a fine-grained ferritic-pearlitic microstructure optimized for cryogenic applications. The controlled addition of nickel (2.25-3.50%) significantly enhances low-temperature toughness by stabilizing the austenite phase and refining the grain structure. Microalloying elements including aluminum for deoxidation and grain refinement ensure superior impact resistance at temperatures down to -196°C.
Specialized Heat Treatment Process
MetalZenith employs a carefully controlled normalize and temper (N+T) heat treatment cycle. Normalization at 900-920°C followed by air cooling creates a uniform fine-grain structure, while tempering at 620-650°C optimizes the balance between strength and low-temperature toughness. This process ensures minimal DBTT and maximum impact energy retention at cryogenic temperatures.
Advanced Manufacturing Process
MetalZenith utilizes controlled rolling technology with precise temperature control during hot rolling to achieve optimal grain refinement. Our advanced ladle metallurgy ensures ultra-low sulfur and phosphorus content, critical for preventing brittle fracture at low temperatures. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) control during processing optimizes the microstructure for enhanced low-temperature performance.
Specialized Quality Testing for Cryogenic Applications
MetalZenith conducts comprehensive low-temperature testing including Charpy V-notch impact tests at -196°C, DBTT determination using multiple test temperatures, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) testing, and low-temperature fatigue crack propagation rate analysis. Drop weight tear tests (DWTT) and fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) evaluations ensure reliable performance in cryogenic service.
Application-Specific Technical Considerations
For LNG storage applications, the steel provides exceptional resistance to thermal shock and maintains ductility during rapid temperature cycling. In aerospace applications, the material offers superior strength-to-weight ratio and fatigue resistance under cryogenic fuel exposure. For polar equipment, enhanced impact toughness ensures structural integrity in extreme arctic conditions. Superconducting equipment applications benefit from the material's magnetic neutrality and thermal stability at liquid helium temperatures.
🧪 Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.20 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.90 - 1.50 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.15 - 0.40 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.020 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.015 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 2.25 - 3.50 |
| Aluminum (Al) | ≥ 0.020 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.20 - 0.50 |
⚙️ Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Low Temperature Yield Strength at -196°C (MPa) | ≥ 450 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 515 - 690 |
| Low Temperature Impact Energy at -196°C (J) | ≥ 27 |
| DBTT (Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature) (°C) | ≤ -100 |
| Fatigue Strength at -80°C (MPa) | ≥ 200 |
| Fracture Toughness KIC (MPa√m) | ≥ 80 |
🔬 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm3) | 7.85 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1480 - 1520 |
| Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity at -196°C (W/m·K) | 52.5 |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (×10??/K) | 11.8 |
| Low Temperature Elastic Modulus at -196°C (GPa) | 215 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) | 460 |
📏 Product Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Available Forms | Plates, Sheets, Bars, Pipes, Forgings, Custom Shapes |
| Thickness Range | 5 - 150mm |
| Width Range | 1000 - 4500mm |
| Length Range | 6000 - 20000mm |
| Standards Compliance | ASTM A203, ASME SA-203, EN 10028-4 |
| Heat Treatment Condition | Normalized and Tempered (N+T) |
| Service Temperature Range | -196°C to +400°C |
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Our Advantages in Processing Low Alloy Steel - Low Temperature Grade
Advanced Cryogenic Processing Technology
MetalZenith employs specialized controlled rolling and precise normalization processes with advanced cooling control to achieve optimal fine-grain microstructure. Our proprietary low-temperature processing ensures exceptional impact toughness and ductility retention at cryogenic temperatures down to -196°C.
Comprehensive Low-Temperature Testing
MetalZenith conducts extensive specialized testing including Charpy V-notch impact tests at -196°C, DBTT (Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature) determination, crack propagation rate analysis, and low-temperature fatigue performance evaluation to ensure superior performance in extreme cold environments.
Custom Cryogenic Solutions
MetalZenith provides tailored processing solutions for specific low-temperature applications, including custom heat treatment cycles, specialized forming processes, and comprehensive technical support for LNG, aerospace, and polar equipment applications with complete material traceability.
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