1117 Steel: Properties and Key Applications Overview
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Table Of Content
Table Of Content
1117 steel is classified as a medium-carbon alloy steel, primarily known for its excellent machinability and good mechanical properties. It contains a balanced composition of carbon, manganese, and other alloying elements that enhance its performance in various applications. The primary alloying elements in 1117 steel include:
- Carbon (C): Typically around 0.13% to 0.20%, which contributes to hardness and strength.
- Manganese (Mn): Approximately 0.60% to 0.90%, which improves hardenability and tensile strength.
- Iron (Fe): The balance of the composition, providing the fundamental structure of the steel.
Characteristics and Properties
1117 steel is characterized by its good ductility, strength, and toughness, making it suitable for a wide range of engineering applications. Its inherent properties include:
- High machinability: This steel grade is often used in precision machining applications due to its favorable cutting characteristics.
- Good weldability: While it can be welded, preheating and post-weld heat treatment are often recommended to avoid cracking.
- Moderate hardenability: It can be heat-treated to achieve higher hardness levels, making it versatile for various applications.
Advantages and Limitations
| Advantages (Pros) | Limitations (Cons) |
|---|---|
| Excellent machinability | Limited corrosion resistance |
| Good weldability | Moderate hardenability compared to higher alloy steels |
| Suitable for heat treatment | Not ideal for high-temperature applications |
1117 steel holds a significant position in the market due to its balance of properties and cost-effectiveness. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of automotive components, machinery parts, and various structural applications.
Alternative Names, Standards, and Equivalents
| Standard Organization | Designation/Grade | Country/Region of Origin | Notes/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNS | G11170 | USA | Closest equivalent to AISI 1018 |
| AISI/SAE | 1117 | USA | Minor compositional differences to AISI 1015 |
| ASTM | A108 | USA | Standard specification for cold-finished carbon steel bars |
| EN | 1.0718 | Europe | Equivalent to C45E |
| JIS | S45C | Japan | Similar properties but with different carbon content |
The table above highlights the various designations and standards associated with 1117 steel. Notably, while grades like AISI 1018 and 1117 are often considered equivalent, 1117 typically has a slightly higher manganese content, which can enhance its hardenability and strength.
Key Properties
Chemical Composition
| Element (Symbol and Name) | Percentage Range (%) |
|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | 0.13 - 0.20 |
| Mn (Manganese) | 0.60 - 0.90 |
| Fe (Iron) | Balance |
The primary alloying elements in 1117 steel play crucial roles in defining its properties. Carbon increases hardness and strength, while manganese enhances hardenability and tensile strength, making it suitable for applications requiring good wear resistance.
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temper | Typical Value/Range (Metric) | Typical Value/Range (Imperial) | Reference Standard for Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | Annealed | 450 - 650 MPa | 65 - 95 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | Annealed | 250 - 400 MPa | 36 - 58 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Elongation | Annealed | 20 - 30% | 20 - 30% | ASTM E8 |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | Annealed | 80 - 90 HRB | 80 - 90 HRB | ASTM E18 |
| Impact Strength (Charpy) | -40°C | 30 - 50 J | 22 - 37 ft-lbf | ASTM E23 |
The combination of these mechanical properties makes 1117 steel particularly suitable for applications that require good strength and ductility, such as in the automotive and machinery sectors. Its moderate yield and tensile strength allow it to withstand significant mechanical loads while maintaining structural integrity.
Physical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temperature | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | - | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | - | 1425 - 1540 °C | 2600 - 2800 °F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 20°C | 50 W/m·K | 34.5 BTU·in/h·ft²·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | - | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
The density and melting point of 1117 steel indicate its suitability for high-temperature applications, while its thermal conductivity suggests effective heat dissipation, which is beneficial in machining processes.
Corrosion Resistance
| Corrosive Agent | Concentration (%) | Temperature (°C) | Resistance Rating | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorides | 3-5 | 25 | Fair | Risk of pitting corrosion |
| Sulfuric Acid | 10-20 | 20 | Poor | Not recommended |
| Sodium Hydroxide | 5-10 | 25 | Fair | Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking |
1117 steel exhibits moderate corrosion resistance, particularly in environments with chlorides and alkaline substances. However, it is not recommended for use in highly corrosive environments, such as those involving strong acids. Compared to stainless steels like 304 or 316, 1117 steel is significantly less resistant to corrosion, making it less suitable for applications exposed to harsh environments.
Heat Resistance
| Property/Limit | Temperature (°C) | Temperature (°F) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Continuous Service Temp | 400 | 752 | Suitable for moderate temperatures |
| Max Intermittent Service Temp | 500 | 932 | Can withstand short-term exposure |
| Scaling Temperature | 600 | 1112 | Risk of oxidation beyond this temp |
At elevated temperatures, 1117 steel maintains its strength but may experience oxidation if exposed for prolonged periods. Its performance in high-temperature applications is limited compared to higher alloy steels.
Fabrication Properties
Weldability
| Welding Process | Recommended Filler Metal (AWS Classification) | Typical Shielding Gas/Flux | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIG | ER70S-6 | Argon + CO2 | Preheating recommended |
| TIG | ER70S-2 | Argon | Post-weld heat treatment may be required |
1117 steel is generally weldable, but care must be taken to avoid cracking. Preheating before welding and post-weld heat treatment can help mitigate these risks, ensuring a strong weld joint.
Machinability
| Machining Parameter | 1117 Steel | AISI 1212 | Notes/Tips |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Machinability Index | 100 | 130 | 1117 is less machinable than 1212 |
| Typical Cutting Speed (Turning) | 50 m/min | 60 m/min | Adjust speeds based on tooling |
1117 steel offers good machinability, though it is slightly less machinable than AISI 1212. Optimal cutting speeds and tooling should be employed to achieve the best results.
Formability
1117 steel exhibits good formability, making it suitable for cold and hot forming processes. It can be bent and shaped without significant risk of cracking, although care should be taken to avoid excessive work hardening.
Heat Treatment
| Treatment Process | Temperature Range (°C/°F) | Typical Soaking Time | Cooling Method | Primary Purpose / Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealing | 600 - 700 / 1112 - 1292 | 1 - 2 hours | Air | Improve ductility and reduce hardness |
| Quenching | 800 - 900 / 1472 - 1652 | 30 minutes | Oil or Water | Increase hardness and strength |
| Tempering | 400 - 600 / 752 - 1112 | 1 hour | Air | Reduce brittleness and improve toughness |
Heat treatment processes significantly affect the microstructure and properties of 1117 steel. Annealing enhances ductility, while quenching increases hardness. Tempering is crucial for balancing hardness and toughness.
Typical Applications and End Uses
| Industry/Sector | Specific Application Example | Key Steel Properties Utilized in this Application | Reason for Selection (Brief) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Gear shafts | High strength, good machinability | Essential for durability |
| Machinery | Crankshafts | Toughness, ductility | Required for impact resistance |
| Construction | Structural components | Strength, weldability | Critical for structural integrity |
Other applications of 1117 steel include:
- Manufacturing of fasteners and bolts
- Production of precision machined parts
- Use in automotive suspension components
The selection of 1117 steel in these applications is primarily due to its balance of strength, machinability, and weldability, making it a versatile choice for various engineering needs.
Important Considerations, Selection Criteria, and Further Insights
| Feature/Property | 1117 Steel | AISI 1018 | AISI 4140 | Brief Pro/Con or Trade-off Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Mechanical Property | Moderate strength | Lower strength | Higher strength | 1117 offers a balance of properties |
| Key Corrosion Aspect | Fair | Fair | Good | 4140 has better corrosion resistance |
| Weldability | Good | Good | Fair | 4140 may require preheat |
| Machinability | Good | Excellent | Fair | 1117 is easier to machine than 4140 |
| Formability | Good | Good | Fair | 4140 is less formable due to higher alloy content |
| Approx. Relative Cost | Moderate | Low | High | 1117 is cost-effective for many applications |
| Typical Availability | Common | Very Common | Common | 1117 is widely available in various forms |
When selecting 1117 steel, considerations include its cost-effectiveness, availability, and suitability for specific applications. While it offers good mechanical properties, it may not be the best choice for environments requiring high corrosion resistance or extreme temperatures. Its machinability and weldability make it a preferred option for precision components in various industries.