10B30 Steel: Properties and Key Applications
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Table Of Content
Table Of Content
10B30 steel is a medium-carbon alloy steel primarily used in applications requiring good hardenability and wear resistance. Classified as a low-alloy steel, it typically contains a balanced mix of carbon, manganese, and boron, which significantly enhance its mechanical properties. The primary alloying elements in 10B30 steel include:
- Carbon (C): Enhances hardness and strength.
- Manganese (Mn): Improves hardenability and tensile strength.
- Boron (B): Increases hardenability, allowing for deeper hardening during heat treatment.
Comprehensive Overview
10B30 steel is recognized for its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and wear resistance, making it suitable for various engineering applications. Its medium carbon content allows for a good balance between ductility and strength, while the addition of boron enhances its hardenability, enabling it to achieve higher hardness levels through heat treatment processes.
Advantages of 10B30 Steel:
- High Hardness: Suitable for applications requiring wear resistance.
- Good Toughness: Maintains structural integrity under impact loads.
- Versatile Applications: Can be used in various sectors, including automotive and machinery.
Limitations of 10B30 Steel:
- Weldability Issues: Requires careful consideration during welding due to potential cracking.
- Corrosion Resistance: Not as resistant to corrosion as stainless steels, limiting its use in harsh environments.
Historically, 10B30 has found its niche in manufacturing components like gears, shafts, and other machinery parts where strength and wear resistance are critical. Its market position is stable, with consistent demand in industries that prioritize durability and performance.
Alternative Names, Standards, and Equivalents
| Standard Organization | Designation/Grade | Country/Region of Origin | Notes/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNS | G10430 | USA | Closest equivalent to AISI 1030 with boron addition |
| AISI/SAE | 10B30 | USA | Medium-carbon steel with boron for improved hardenability |
| ASTM | A29/A29M | USA | General specification for alloy steels |
| EN | 1.0503 | Europe | Similar properties, minor compositional differences |
| JIS | S45C | Japan | Comparable, but lacks boron addition |
| ISO | 10B30 | International | International standard designation |
The differences between equivalent grades can significantly impact performance. For example, while S45C is similar in carbon content, it lacks the boron addition that enhances hardenability in 10B30, making it less suitable for applications requiring deep hardening.
Key Properties
Chemical Composition
| Element (Symbol and Name) | Percentage Range (%) |
|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | 0.28 - 0.34 |
| Mn (Manganese) | 0.60 - 0.90 |
| B (Boron) | 0.001 - 0.005 |
| Si (Silicon) | 0.15 - 0.40 |
| P (Phosphorus) | ≤ 0.035 |
| S (Sulfur) | ≤ 0.035 |
The key alloying elements in 10B30 steel play crucial roles in defining its properties. Carbon contributes to hardness and strength, while manganese enhances hardenability and tensile strength. Boron, though present in small amounts, significantly improves the steel's ability to harden during heat treatment, making it suitable for applications requiring high wear resistance.
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temper | Test Temperature | Typical Value/Range (Metric) | Typical Value/Range (Imperial) | Reference Standard for Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 800 - 1000 MPa | 116,000 - 145,000 psi | ASTM E8 |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 600 - 800 MPa | 87,000 - 116,000 psi | ASTM E8 |
| Elongation | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 10 - 15% | 10 - 15% | ASTM E8 |
| Hardness (HRC) | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 30 - 40 HRC | 30 - 40 HRC | ASTM E18 |
| Impact Strength | Charpy V-notch | -20°C | 20 - 30 J | 15 - 22 ft-lbf | ASTM E23 |
The mechanical properties of 10B30 steel make it particularly suitable for applications involving dynamic loads and structural integrity. Its high tensile and yield strengths allow it to withstand significant stress, while its elongation and impact strength ensure that it can absorb energy without fracturing, making it ideal for components subjected to shock loading.
Physical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temperature | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | Room Temp | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point/Range | - | 1425 - 1540 °C | 2600 - 2800 °F |
| Thermal Conductivity | Room Temp | 45 W/m·K | 31 BTU·in/h·ft²·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | Room Temp | 0.46 kJ/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Electrical Resistivity | Room Temp | 0.0006 Ω·m | 0.000035 Ω·in |
The density of 10B30 steel indicates its mass per unit volume, which is important for applications where weight is a critical factor. The thermal conductivity suggests its ability to conduct heat, which can be significant in applications involving temperature fluctuations. The specific heat capacity indicates how much energy is required to raise the temperature of the steel, affecting its thermal management in operational environments.
Corrosion Resistance
| Corrosive Agent | Concentration (%) | Temperature (°C/°F) | Resistance Rating | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric | Varies | Ambient | Fair | Susceptible to rust |
| Chlorides | Varies | Ambient | Poor | Risk of pitting |
| Acids | Varies | Ambient | Poor | Not recommended |
| Alkaline | Varies | Ambient | Fair | Limited resistance |
10B30 steel exhibits moderate corrosion resistance, primarily due to its carbon content. In atmospheric conditions, it can rust if not properly protected. The presence of chlorides significantly increases the risk of pitting corrosion, making it unsuitable for marine applications without protective coatings. Compared to stainless steels, 10B30's corrosion resistance is limited, necessitating careful consideration in environments where exposure to corrosive agents is expected.
Heat Resistance
| Property/Limit | Temperature (°C) | Temperature (°F) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Continuous Service Temp | 400 °C | 752 °F | Suitable for moderate temperatures |
| Max Intermittent Service Temp | 500 °C | 932 °F | Short-term exposure only |
| Scaling Temperature | 600 °C | 1112 °F | Risk of oxidation beyond this temp |
| Creep Strength considerations | 450 °C | 842 °F | Begins to degrade at this temp |
At elevated temperatures, 10B30 steel maintains its strength but may experience oxidation and scaling, particularly above 600 °C. Its performance in high-temperature applications is limited, and care must be taken to avoid prolonged exposure to temperatures exceeding its maximum service limits.
Fabrication Properties
Weldability
| Welding Process | Recommended Filler Metal (AWS Classification) | Typical Shielding Gas/Flux | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIG | ER70S-6 | Argon/CO2 mix | Preheat recommended |
| TIG | ER70S-2 | Argon | Requires post-weld treatment |
| Stick | E7018 | N/A | Use low hydrogen electrodes |
10B30 steel presents challenges in welding due to its medium carbon content, which can lead to cracking if not properly managed. Preheating before welding is often recommended to reduce the risk of thermal shock. Post-weld heat treatment can also help relieve stresses and improve the overall integrity of the weld.
Machinability
| Machining Parameter | 10B30 Steel | AISI 1212 Steel | Notes/Tips |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Machinability Index | 60 | 100 | 10B30 is less machinable |
| Typical Cutting Speed (Turning) | 50 m/min | 80 m/min | Use carbide tools |
10B30 steel has a lower machinability index compared to AISI 1212, which is known for its excellent machinability. When machining 10B30, it is essential to use appropriate cutting speeds and tools to achieve optimal results and minimize tool wear.
Formability
10B30 steel exhibits moderate formability, making it suitable for cold and hot forming processes. However, care must be taken to avoid excessive work hardening, which can lead to cracking during bending or shaping. Recommended bend radii should be adhered to, and proper tooling should be used to ensure quality.
Heat Treatment
| Treatment Process | Temperature Range (°C/°F) | Typical Soaking Time | Cooling Method | Primary Purpose / Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealing | 600 - 700 °C / 1112 - 1292 °F | 1 - 2 hours | Air | Softening, improved ductility |
| Quenching | 800 - 850 °C / 1472 - 1562 °F | 30 minutes | Oil or Water | Hardening, increased strength |
| Tempering | 400 - 600 °C / 752 - 1112 °F | 1 hour | Air | Reducing brittleness, improving toughness |
Heat treatment processes significantly influence the microstructure and properties of 10B30 steel. Quenching increases hardness, while tempering reduces brittleness, allowing for a balance between strength and toughness. The annealing process softens the steel, making it easier to work with during fabrication.
Typical Applications and End Uses
| Industry/Sector | Specific Application Example | Key Steel Properties Utilized in this Application | Reason for Selection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Gears | High strength, wear resistance | Durability under load |
| Machinery | Shafts | Toughness, impact resistance | Structural integrity |
| Construction | Fasteners | Hardness, tensile strength | Reliability in assembly |
Other applications include:
- Tooling components
- Heavy machinery parts
- Agricultural equipment
10B30 steel is often chosen for applications where high strength and wear resistance are critical. Its ability to maintain performance under dynamic loads makes it a preferred choice in the automotive and machinery sectors.
Important Considerations, Selection Criteria, and Further Insights
| Feature/Property | 10B30 Steel | AISI 4140 Steel | S45C Steel | Brief Pro/Con or Trade-off Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Mechanical Property | High strength | Higher toughness | Moderate strength | 10B30 is better for wear resistance |
| Key Corrosion Aspect | Fair | Good | Fair | 4140 offers better corrosion resistance |
| Weldability | Moderate | Good | Moderate | 4140 is easier to weld |
| Machinability | Moderate | Fair | Good | 10B30 is less machinable |
| Formability | Moderate | Fair | Good | 10B30 requires careful handling |
| Approx. Relative Cost | Moderate | Higher | Lower | Cost varies by market conditions |
| Typical Availability | Common | Common | Common | All grades are widely available |
When selecting 10B30 steel, considerations include its mechanical properties, cost-effectiveness, and availability. While it offers excellent wear resistance, its weldability and machinability may require additional attention during fabrication. Understanding the specific requirements of the application will guide the selection of 10B30 or its alternatives.
In summary, 10B30 steel is a versatile medium-carbon alloy steel that excels in applications requiring strength and wear resistance. Its unique properties, combined with careful consideration of fabrication and environmental factors, make it a valuable material in various engineering sectors.