1 O Guia Definitivo para Folha de Inconel 600: Especificações e Fabricação

A folha de Inconel 600 é uma liga de níquel-cromo de alta qualidade feita para ambientes extremos. Ela serve como um material chave para trabalhos que necessitam de alto desempenho em altas temperaturas e ambientes corrosivos.

Os principais benefícios deste material são sua excelente resistência a altas temperaturas e forte resistência à corrosão. Essas qualidades o tornam vital em muitas indústrias importantes.

Este guia cobre tudo, desde detalhes técnicos da folha de inconel 600 e placa de inconel 600 até aspectos práticos da fabricação do metal liga 600.

1.1 Entendendo o Inconel 600

1.1.1 Uma Superliga Definida

O Inconel 600 faz parte da família de superligas de níquel-cromo Inconel. Esses são materiais projetados para funcionar onde metais normais se deteriorariam.

Ele resiste à oxidação em altas temperaturas muito bem. A liga também resiste a trincas por corrosão sob tensão de íons de cloreto e suporta corrosão cáustica.

1.1.2 Composição Química

A liga 600 obtém seu desempenho de sua composição química equilibrada do Inconel 600. O níquel é o principal elemento, conferindo-lhe uma estrutura estável.

1.1.3 Propriedades Chave

Esses elementos criam um conjunto versátil de propriedades detalhadas do material da Liga 600.

• Serviço em Alta Temperatura: Mantém grande parte de sua resistência e resiste à oxidação em temperaturas de até 2000°F (1093°C).
• Resistência à Tração: Quando recozido, geralmente possui uma resistência à tração de 90-110 ksi (620-760 MPa).
• Resistência à Corrosão: Funciona muito bem em muitos ambientes corrosivos, incluindo ambientes oxidantes, redutores e alcalinos.
• Tenacidade Criogênica: A liga permanece flexível e resistente em temperaturas muito baixas.

As ligas Inconel oferecem desempenho robusto em ambientes industriais exigentes.

1.2 Especificações de Folha e Placa

1.2.1 Folha vs. Placa

Na indústria metalúrgica, a principal diferença entre a folha de inconel 600 e a placa de inconel 600 é a espessura.

A folha é geralmente material com menos de 0.25 polegadas (6.35 mm) de espessura. A placa é material com 0.25 polegadas ou mais.

1.2.2 Normas Comuns

Os produtos de Inconel 600 são fabricados de acordo com normas internacionais específicas para garantir qualidade. Comprar material com essas normas garante suas propriedades.

• ASTM B168: A norma para Ligas de Níquel-Cromo-Ferro (UNS N06600) Placa, Folha e Faixa.
• ASME SB168: A mesma norma sob o Código de Caldeiras e Vasos de Pressão.
• AMS 5540: A Especificação de Material Aeroespacial para Folha, Faixa e Placa.
• Outras Designações: Também é conhecido como W.Nr. 2.4816 e UNS N06600.

Uma ficha técnica da Special Metals Corporation fornece as informações mais detalhadas.

1.2.3 Dimensões e Acabamentos

A folha e a placa de Inconel 600 estão disponíveis em vários tamanhos e acabamentos de superfície para atender às necessidades do projeto.

1.3 Um Guia para Fabricantes

1.3.1 Desafios de Usinagem

O principal desafio na usinagem do Inconel 600 é que ele endurece rapidamente durante o corte. Isso torna difícil trabalhar com ele.

Especialistas sugerem uma abordagem específica para lidar com esse problema.

• Use máquinas fortes e rígidas para evitar vibração das ferramentas.
• Mantenha as velocidades de corte lentas, mas use taxas de avanço firmes e constantes para cortar abaixo da camada endurecida.
• Certifique-se de que as ferramentas permaneçam muito afiadas. Ferramentas de metal duro geralmente funcionam melhor.
• Use bastante refrigerante para remover o calor que se acumula.

1.3.2 Melhores Práticas de Soldagem

A liga 600 solda bem, mas precisa de preparação e controle cuidadosos para boas juntas. Seguir melhores práticas para soldagem de ligas de níquel é importante.

TIG/GTAW e MIG/GMAW são os métodos de soldagem mais comuns utilizados.

O sucesso depende de algumas coisas-chave. Primeiro, use um metal de enchimento compatível, como ERNiCr-3, para manter as propriedades do material base.

Certifique-se de que a superfície esteja limpa de todos os óleos, escamas e sujeira antes de começar. Finalmente, controle a entrada de calor cuidadosamente para limitar a zona afetada pelo calor e evitar deformações.

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if (commentSection && floatingToc) { window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { const commentTop = commentSection.getBoundingClientRect().top; const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; // 当评论区域接近视口底部时 if (commentTop < windowHeight + 100) { floatingToc.classList.add('collapsed'); } else { floatingToc.classList.remove('collapsed'); } }); // 初始检查 setTimeout(function() { const commentTop = commentSection.getBoundingClientRect().top; const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (commentTop < windowHeight + 100) { floatingToc.classList.add('collapsed'); } }, 500); } } } else { // 如果没有找到标题，则隐藏目录 if (tocContainer) tocContainer.style.display = 'none'; if (floatingToc) floatingToc.style.display = 'none'; } } else { // 如果没有找到文章内容或目录列表，则隐藏目录 const tocContainers = document.querySelectorAll('.toc-container'); tocContainers.forEach(container => { container.style.display = 'none'; }); if (floatingToc) floatingToc.style.display = 'none'; } }); Metal Weight Calculator(2025) Material: Carbon Steel (7.85 g/cm³) Stainless Steel 304 (7.75 g/cm³) Stainless Steel 316 (7.98 g/cm³) Stainless Steel 410 (7.80 g/cm³) Alloy Steel (7.86 g/cm³) Cast Iron (7.20 g/cm³) Tool Steel (7.50 g/cm³) Aluminum (2.70 g/cm³) Copper (8.96 g/cm³) Brass (8.73 g/cm³) Bronze (8.53 g/cm³) Zinc (7.14 g/cm³) Lead (11.34 g/cm³) Gold (19.30 g/cm³) Silver (10.50 g/cm³) Nickel (8.90 g/cm³) Titanium (4.50 g/cm³) Custom Density (g/cm³): Use Shape: Round Bar/Rod Square Bar Flat Bar/Rectangle Hexagon Bar Round Tube/Pipe Square Tube Rectangular Tube Plate/Sheet Angle (L Profile) Channel (U Profile) I-Beam/H-Beam Quantity: Calculate Weight Metric Imperial /* Floating sidebar calculator styles - adjusted position and height */ .floating-sidebar { width: 300px; /* Adjusted width */ padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; /* Slightly smaller font */ /* Fixed positioning - adjusted to be more to the right and higher up */ position: fixed; right: 20px; /* Fixed distance from right edge */ top: 120px; /* Moved up from 180px to 120px */ /* Make sure it doesn't overflow horizontally */ box-sizing: border-box; /* Add a z-index to ensure it appears above other content */ z-index: 10; /* Ensure calculator results are visible */ max-height: calc(100vh - 140px); /* Allow calculator to use most of the viewport height */ overflow-y: auto; /* Add scrolling if needed, but try to show everything */ } .floating-sidebar h3 { color: #000000; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 18px; } /* More compact spacing */ .floating-sidebar .form-group.compact { margin-bottom: 8px; /* Reduced from 10px */ } .floating-sidebar label { display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; font-weight: 500; font-size: 13px; } .floating-sidebar select, .floating-sidebar input { width: 100%; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; } /* Custom density input with button on same line */ .floating-sidebar .custom-density-container { display: flex; gap: 5px; } .floating-sidebar .custom-density-container input { flex: 1; } .floating-sidebar .custom-density-container button { width: auto; padding: 6px 10px; margin-top: 0; } .floating-sidebar .dimensions.compact { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; } /* More compact button layout */ .floating-sidebar .button-container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-top: 8px; /* Reduced from 10px */ margin-bottom: 8px; /* Added to ensure space for results */ } .floating-sidebar .calculate-button { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; width: 100%; font-size: 15px; transition: background-color 0.3s; margin: 0; } .floating-sidebar .calculate-button:hover { background-color: #333333; } .floating-sidebar .secondary-button { background-color: #666666; color: white; font-size: 13px; padding: 6px; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; } .floating-sidebar .secondary-button:hover { background-color: #555555; } /* Unit toggle buttons */ .floating-sidebar .unit-toggle { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 5px; width: 100%; } .floating-sidebar .unit-button { flex: 1; background-color: #eeeeee; color: #333333; padding: 5px 8px; font-size: 13px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; max-width: 100px; } .floating-sidebar .unit-button.active { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; border-color: #000000; } .floating-sidebar .result { margin-top: 8px; /* Reduced from 10px */ padding: 8px; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; display: none; /* Ensure results stand out */ font-weight: 500; } /* Dimension hint text is smaller and more compact */ .dimension-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-size: 12px; } .dimension-hint { font-size: 10px; color: #666; font-weight: normal; } /* Mobile responsiveness - show at bottom on mobile */ @media (max-width: 989px) { .floating-sidebar { position: static; width: 100%; margin: 30px 0; max-height: none; } } // Track which unit system is active let activeUnit = 'metric'; document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Check if screen size is mobile and handle calculator placement function adjustCalculatorPosition() { const calculator = document.querySelector('.floating-sidebar'); const isMobile = window.innerWidth <= 989; if (isMobile) { // For mobile: Move calculator after the article content const articleContent = document.querySelector('.article-template__content'); if (articleContent && calculator) { calculator.style.position = 'static'; articleContent.after(calculator); } } else { // For desktop: Keep it fixed positioned in right margin calculator.style.position = 'fixed'; // Reset to document body for desktop (fixed positioning) if (calculator.parentElement !== document.body) { document.body.appendChild(calculator); } } } // Run initially and on resize adjustCalculatorPosition(); window.addEventListener('resize', adjustCalculatorPosition); // Initialize calculator fields updateMetalDimensionFields(); // Update dimension fields when shape selection changes document.getElementById('shape').addEventListener('change', updateMetalDimensionFields); }); function useCustomDensity() { const customDensityInput = document.getElementById('custom-density'); const materialSelect = document.getElementById('material'); if (customDensityInput.value && !isNaN(customDensityInput.value) && parseFloat(customDensityInput.value) > 0) { // Create or update custom option in material dropdown let customOption = document.getElementById('custom-density-option'); const density = parseFloat(customDensityInput.value); if (!customOption) { // Create custom option if it doesn't exist customOption = document.createElement('option'); customOption.id = 'custom-density-option'; materialSelect.add(customOption); } // Update option text and value customOption.value = density; customOption.text = `Custom (${density} g/cm³)`; // Select the custom option materialSelect.value = density; } else { alert('Please enter a valid density greater than 0'); } } function switchUnits(unit) { activeUnit = unit; // Update button styles document.getElementById('metric-button').classList.toggle('active', unit === 'metric'); document.getElementById('imperial-button').classList.toggle('active', unit === 'imperial'); // Update displayed results if any const resultElement = document.getElementById('steel-result'); if (resultElement.style.display === 'block') { calculateMetalWeight(); // Recalculate to update display } // Update dimension labels updateMetalDimensionFields(); } function updateMetalDimensionFields() { const shape = document.getElementById('shape').value; const container = document.getElementById('dimensions-container'); // Clear current dimension fields container.innerHTML = ''; // Show length unit based on active unit system const lengthUnit = activeUnit === 'metric' ? 'mm' : 'in'; const longLengthUnit = activeUnit === 'metric' ? 'm' : 'ft'; // Add appropriate dimension fields based on selected shape switch(shape) { case 'round_bar': container.innerHTML = `

Diameter (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'square_bar': container.innerHTML = `

Side (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'flat_bar': container.innerHTML = `

Width (${lengthUnit}):

Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'hexagon': container.innerHTML = `

Width Across Flats (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'tube': container.innerHTML = `

Outer Diameter (${lengthUnit}):

Inner Diameter (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'square_tube': container.innerHTML = `

Outer Side (${lengthUnit}):

Wall Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'rect_tube': container.innerHTML = `

Height (${lengthUnit}):

Width (${lengthUnit}):

Wall Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'plate': container.innerHTML = `

Width (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${lengthUnit}):

Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'angle': container.innerHTML = `

Height (${lengthUnit}):

Width (${lengthUnit}):

Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'channel': container.innerHTML = `

Height (${lengthUnit}):

Width (${lengthUnit}):

Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; case 'i_beam': container.innerHTML = `

Height (${lengthUnit}):

Flange Width (${lengthUnit}):

Web Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Flange Thickness (${lengthUnit}):

Length (${longLengthUnit}):

`; break; } } function calculateMetalWeight() { const shape = document.getElementById('shape').value; const density = parseFloat(document.getElementById('material').value); // g/cm³ const quantity = parseInt(document.getElementById('quantity').value); // Conversion factors const mmToCm = 0.1; // 1mm = 0.1cm const mToCm = 100; // 1m = 100cm const inchToCm = 2.54; // 1 inch = 2.54cm const ftToCm = 30.48; // 1 foot = 30.48cm // Which unit system are we using const isMetric = activeUnit === 'metric'; // Length conversion functions based on current unit system function convertSmallLength(value) { return isMetric ? value * mmToCm : value * inchToCm; } function convertLargeLength(value) { return isMetric ? value * mToCm : value * ftToCm; } let volume = 0; // cm³ let dimensions = ''; switch(shape) { case 'round_bar': const diameter = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('diameter').value)); const roundLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = Math.PI * Math.pow(diameter/2, 2) * roundLength; dimensions = `Ø${document.getElementById('diameter').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'square_bar': const side = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('side').value)); const squareLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = Math.pow(side, 2) * squareLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('side').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} sq × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'flat_bar': const width = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const thickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('thickness').value)); const flatLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = width * thickness * flatLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('width').value}×${document.getElementById('thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'hexagon': const acrossFlats = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('across_flats').value)); const hexLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); // Area of a regular hexagon = (3√3/2) × (side length)² // Side length from width across flats = width / (2 * cos(30°)) = width / √3 const sideLength = acrossFlats / Math.sqrt(3); const hexArea = (3 * Math.sqrt(3) / 2) * Math.pow(sideLength, 2); volume = hexArea * hexLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('across_flats').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} AF × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'tube': const outerDiameter = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('outer_diameter').value)); const innerDiameter = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('inner_diameter').value)); const tubeLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = Math.PI * (Math.pow(outerDiameter/2, 2) - Math.pow(innerDiameter/2, 2)) * tubeLength; dimensions = `Ø${document.getElementById('outer_diameter').value}×${document.getElementById('inner_diameter').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'square_tube': const outerSide = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('outer_side').value)); const wallThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('wall_thickness').value)); const sqTubeLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); const innerSide = outerSide - (2 * wallThickness); volume = (Math.pow(outerSide, 2) - Math.pow(innerSide, 2)) * sqTubeLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('outer_side').value}×${document.getElementById('wall_thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'rect_tube': const height = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('height').value)); const rectWidth = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const rectWallThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('wall_thickness').value)); const rectTubeLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); const innerHeight = height - (2 * rectWallThickness); const innerWidth = rectWidth - (2 * rectWallThickness); volume = (height * rectWidth - innerHeight * innerWidth) * rectTubeLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('height').value}×${document.getElementById('width').value}×${document.getElementById('wall_thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'plate': const plateWidth = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const plateLength = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('plate_length').value)); const plateThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('thickness').value)); volume = plateWidth * plateLength * plateThickness; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('width').value}×${document.getElementById('plate_length').value}×${document.getElementById('thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'}`; break; case 'angle': const angleHeight = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('height').value)); const angleWidth = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const angleThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('thickness').value)); const angleLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = (angleHeight * angleThickness + angleWidth * angleThickness - Math.pow(angleThickness, 2)) * angleLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('height').value}×${document.getElementById('width').value}×${document.getElementById('thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'channel': const channelHeight = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('height').value)); const channelWidth = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const channelThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('thickness').value)); const channelLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); volume = (channelHeight * channelThickness + 2 * (channelWidth - channelThickness) * channelThickness) * channelLength; dimensions = `${document.getElementById('height').value}×${document.getElementById('width').value}×${document.getElementById('thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; case 'i_beam': const beamHeight = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('height').value)); const flangeWidth = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('width').value)); const webThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('web_thickness').value)); const flangeThickness = convertSmallLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('flange_thickness').value)); const beamLength = convertLargeLength(parseFloat(document.getElementById('length').value)); // Calculate cross-sectional area of I-beam const webHeight = beamHeight - (2 * flangeThickness); const webArea = webHeight * webThickness; const flangeArea = 2 * (flangeWidth * flangeThickness); volume = (webArea + flangeArea) * beamLength; dimensions = `H:${document.getElementById('height').value} W:${document.getElementById('width').value} WT:${document.getElementById('web_thickness').value} FT:${document.getElementById('flange_thickness').value}${isMetric ? 'mm' : '"'} × ${document.getElementById('length').value}${isMetric ? 'm' : "'"}`; break; } // Weight = Volume × Density × Quantity const weight = volume * density * quantity / 1000; // Convert to kg // Display the result const resultElement = document.getElementById('steel-result'); resultElement.style.display = 'block'; if (isMetric) { resultElement.innerHTML = ` ${weight.toFixed(2)} kg per ${quantity > 1 ? quantity + ' pcs' : 'piece'}
${dimensions} `; } else { resultElement.innerHTML = ` ${(weight * 2.20462).toFixed(2)} lb per ${quantity > 1 ? quantity + ' pcs' : 'piece'}
${dimensions} `; } // Scroll into view if needed setTimeout(() => { resultElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' }); }, 100); } Voltar para o blog Deixe um comentário Nome * E-mail * Comentário *