Vanadis 10 Steel: Properties and Key Applications
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Table Of Content
Table Of Content
Vanadis 10 Steel is a high-performance tool steel classified as a high-speed steel (HSS) with a unique combination of properties that make it particularly suitable for demanding applications in the tool and die industry. This steel grade is primarily alloyed with elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium, which significantly enhance its hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. The presence of vanadium, in particular, contributes to the formation of fine carbides, which improve the steel's overall performance during machining and cutting processes.
Comprehensive Overview
Vanadis 10 Steel is renowned for its exceptional wear resistance and high hardness, making it a preferred choice for various cutting tools, dies, and molds. The primary alloying elements include:
- Tungsten (W): Enhances hardness and wear resistance.
- Molybdenum (Mo): Improves hardenability and toughness.
- Vanadium (V): Contributes to fine carbide formation, enhancing wear resistance and toughness.
The combination of these elements results in a steel that exhibits excellent performance under high-stress conditions, maintaining its edge retention and structural integrity even at elevated temperatures.
Advantages:
- High Wear Resistance: Ideal for cutting tools and dies that experience significant friction.
- Good Toughness: Reduces the risk of chipping or cracking during use.
- Excellent Hardness: Maintains sharp edges for extended periods.
Limitations:
- Cost: Higher alloy content can lead to increased material costs.
- Machinability: While it has good machinability, it may require specialized tooling compared to lower alloy steels.
Vanadis 10 Steel holds a strong position in the market due to its unique properties and is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. Its historical significance lies in its development as part of the evolution of high-speed steels, which have revolutionized machining processes.
Alternative Names, Standards, and Equivalents
| Standard Organization | Designation/Grade | Country/Region of Origin | Notes/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNS | T30110 | USA | Closest equivalent to AISI M2 |
| AISI/SAE | M2 | USA | Minor compositional differences |
| ASTM | A681 | USA | Standard for tool steels |
| EN | 1.3343 | Europe | Equivalent to M2 with slight variations |
| JIS | SKH51 | Japan | Similar properties but different heat treatment recommendations |
The table above outlines various standards and equivalents for Vanadis 10 Steel. Notably, while M2 and SKH51 are often considered equivalents, the specific heat treatment processes and resultant microstructures can lead to performance differences in practical applications.
Key Properties
Chemical Composition
| Element (Symbol and Name) | Percentage Range (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 1.40 - 1.60 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 3.75 - 4.25 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 5.00 - 6.00 |
| Tungsten (W) | 6.00 - 7.00 |
| Vanadium (V) | 2.00 - 3.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.20 - 0.40 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
The primary alloying elements in Vanadis 10 Steel play crucial roles in defining its properties:
- Carbon: Essential for hardness; higher carbon content increases the potential hardness after heat treatment.
- Chromium: Enhances corrosion resistance and hardenability.
- Molybdenum: Improves toughness and high-temperature strength.
- Vanadium: Forms fine carbides, enhancing wear resistance and toughness.
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temper | Test Temperature | Typical Value/Range (Metric) | Typical Value/Range (Imperial) | Reference Standard for Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 1800 - 2200 MPa | 261 - 319 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 1600 - 2000 MPa | 232 - 290 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Elongation | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 5 - 10% | 5 - 10% | ASTM E8 |
| Hardness (HRC) | Quenched & Tempered | Room Temp | 60 - 64 HRC | 60 - 64 HRC | ASTM E18 |
| Impact Strength (Charpy) | Quenched & Tempered | -20 °C | 20 - 30 J | 15 - 22 ft-lbf | ASTM E23 |
The mechanical properties of Vanadis 10 Steel make it suitable for applications requiring high strength and toughness. The high tensile and yield strengths ensure that tools made from this steel can withstand significant loads without deforming, while the hardness allows for excellent wear resistance.
Physical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temperature | Value (Metric) | Value (Imperial) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | Room Temp | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | - | 1400 - 1450 °C | 2552 - 2642 °F |
| Thermal Conductivity | Room Temp | 25 W/m·K | 14.5 BTU·in/h·ft²·°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | Room Temp | 460 J/kg·K | 0.11 BTU/lb·°F |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | Room Temp | 11.5 x 10⁻⁶/K | 6.36 x 10⁻⁶/°F |
Key physical properties such as density and thermal conductivity are significant for applications involving high-speed machining. The density of Vanadis 10 Steel contributes to its stability during cutting operations, while its thermal conductivity helps dissipate heat generated during machining, reducing the risk of thermal damage to both the tool and the workpiece.
Corrosion Resistance
| Corrosive Agent | Concentration (%) | Temperature (°C) | Resistance Rating | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorides | 3-5 | 20-60 | Fair | Risk of pitting |
| Sulfuric Acid | 10 | 25 | Poor | Not recommended |
| Acetic Acid | 5 | 25 | Good | Moderate resistance |
| Alkaline Solutions | 5-10 | 20-60 | Fair | Susceptible to SCC |
Vanadis 10 Steel exhibits moderate corrosion resistance, particularly in environments with chlorides and acids. While it performs adequately in some acidic conditions, it is not recommended for prolonged exposure to strong acids, where it may suffer from pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Compared to other tool steels like D2 and M2, Vanadis 10 offers better wear resistance but may not match their corrosion resistance in certain environments.
Heat Resistance
| Property/Limit | Temperature (°C) | Temperature (°F) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Continuous Service Temp | 500 | 932 | Suitable for high-temperature applications |
| Max Intermittent Service Temp | 600 | 1112 | Short-term exposure only |
| Scaling Temperature | 600 | 1112 | Risk of oxidation beyond this point |
Vanadis 10 Steel maintains its mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for applications that involve high thermal loads. However, care must be taken to avoid prolonged exposure to temperatures above 600 °C, as this can lead to oxidation and degradation of the material.
Fabrication Properties
Weldability
| Welding Process | Recommended Filler Metal (AWS Classification) | Typical Shielding Gas/Flux | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| TIG | ER80S-D2 | Argon | Preheat recommended |
| MIG | ER80S-D2 | Argon + CO2 mix | Post-weld heat treatment needed |
| Stick | E7018 | - | Not recommended for thick sections |
Vanadis 10 Steel is generally not recommended for welding due to its high alloy content, which can lead to cracking. If welding is necessary, preheating and post-weld heat treatment are critical to minimize the risk of defects.
Machinability
| Machining Parameter | Vanadis 10 Steel | AISI 1212 | Notes/Tips |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Machinability Index | 60 | 100 | Requires carbide tooling |
| Typical Cutting Speed (Turning) | 30-40 m/min | 80-100 m/min | Use coolant to manage heat |
Vanadis 10 Steel has a machinability index of around 60, which is lower than that of lower alloy steels like AISI 1212. This means that while it can be machined effectively, it requires more specialized tooling and slower cutting speeds to achieve optimal results.
Formability
Vanadis 10 Steel is not particularly suited for forming operations due to its high hardness and strength. Cold forming is generally not feasible, and hot forming may be limited to specific applications. The material exhibits work hardening, which can complicate forming processes.
Heat Treatment
| Treatment Process | Temperature Range (°C/°F) | Typical Soaking Time | Cooling Method | Primary Purpose / Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealing | 800 - 850 / 1472 - 1562 | 1-2 hours | Air | Reduce hardness, improve machinability |
| Quenching | 1000 - 1100 / 1832 - 2012 | 30 minutes | Oil | Achieve high hardness |
| Tempering | 500 - 600 / 932 - 1112 | 1 hour | Air | Reduce brittleness, improve toughness |
The heat treatment of Vanadis 10 Steel involves austenitizing, quenching, and tempering. The austenitizing process transforms the microstructure, allowing for the formation of martensite upon quenching. Tempering is then performed to relieve stresses and enhance toughness, resulting in a balanced combination of hardness and ductility.
Typical Applications and End Uses
| Industry/Sector | Specific Application Example | Key Steel Properties Utilized in this Application | Reason for Selection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive | Cutting tools | High wear resistance, hardness | Long tool life |
| Aerospace | Molds for composite materials | Toughness, heat resistance | High-performance demands |
| Manufacturing | Punches and dies | Strength, durability | Precision and longevity |
Other applications include:
- Medical Devices: Surgical instruments requiring high precision and wear resistance.
- Tooling: Production of molds and dies in various manufacturing processes.
Vanadis 10 Steel is chosen for these applications due to its superior wear resistance and ability to maintain sharp edges, which are critical for tools used in high-stress environments.
Important Considerations, Selection Criteria, and Further Insights
| Feature/Property | Vanadis 10 Steel | AISI D2 | AISI M2 | Brief Pro/Con or Trade-off Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Mechanical Property | High hardness | Good wear resistance | High toughness | Vanadis 10 offers a balance of hardness and toughness |
| Key Corrosion Aspect | Moderate resistance | Fair resistance | Good resistance | Vanadis 10 is less resistant than M2 in corrosive environments |
| Weldability | Poor | Fair | Good | Welding requires special considerations for Vanadis 10 |
| Machinability | Moderate | High | Moderate | Requires specialized tooling for Vanadis 10 |
| Approx. Relative Cost | Higher | Moderate | Moderate | Cost is influenced by alloy content |
| Typical Availability | Moderate | High | High | Availability may vary by region |
When selecting Vanadis 10 Steel, considerations include its cost-effectiveness, availability, and specific application requirements. Its unique properties make it suitable for high-performance applications, but the higher cost and specialized machining requirements may limit its use in less demanding environments. Additionally, safety considerations must be taken into account, particularly in applications where tool failure could lead to significant hazards.
In conclusion, Vanadis 10 Steel stands out as a premium tool steel with a unique combination of properties that make it ideal for high-performance applications. Its careful selection and processing can yield exceptional results in demanding environments, making it a valuable material in the tool and die industry.
